Complete 2026 Guide
How to Buy a
Gun By State
Buying a firearm in the United States is a serious responsibility that requires understanding both federal firearm laws and state regulations. Millions of Americans legally purchase firearms each year for purposes such as personal protection, hunting, sport shooting, collecting, and recreational shooting.
Although firearm ownership is protected under the Second Amendment, the legal process for buying a firearm is regulated by a combination of federal laws and state-specific firearm regulations.
Because firearm laws vary significantly across the country, the process for buying a gun may look very different depending on the state where the purchase occurs.
Table of Contents
- How to Buy a Gun Overview
- Choose Your State
- Quick Answers About Buying a Gun
- Buying a Gun from a Private Seller
- Federal Firearm Laws for Gun Buyers
- Why Gun Laws Vary by State
- Background Checks and Gun Purchases
- Buying a Gun from a Licensed Dealer
- 7 Steps to Safely Buy Your Gun
- Why Records Matter in a Private Gun Purchase
- Buying a Gun Online
- Current News Stories of Gun Sales
- How Gun Transfer Keeps You Safe
- Private Gun Sale Laws by State (all 50 summaries)
- FAQ
How to Buy a Gun Overview
Buying a gun in the United States generally involves following both federal and state laws designed to ensure the purchaser is legally eligible to own a firearm. In most cases, when buying from a licensed firearm dealer, the buyer must complete a background check through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) and fill out required paperwork before taking possession of the firearm. Some states impose additional requirements, such as permits, waiting periods, or firearm registration, while others allow more streamlined purchases.
Private sales between individuals are allowed in most states, but may still require background checks or dealer involvement depending on local laws. Because regulations vary widely by state, buyers should always verify the specific requirements where they live to ensure the purchase is completed legally and responsibly.
- How private firearm sales work
- Federal firearm purchase laws
- Background check requirements
- Interstate gun sale laws
- Buying a gun from a private Seller
- Buying guns from licensed dealers
- Gun sale laws in all 50 states
- Documentation best practices
- Best practices to safely buy a gun
You can also use the interactive state selector below to find the exact firearm sale rules that apply in your state.
Choose Your State
- Private firearm transfer rules
- Dealer transfer requirements
- Background check laws
- Waiting period requirements
- Documentation recommendations
Firearm purchase laws vary significantly across the United States.
Use the interactive map or dropdown selector to view the detailed guide explaining how to buy a gun legally in your state.
Quick Answers about Buying a Gun
A gun sale occurs whenever ownership of a firearm changes from one individual to another.
- YES—but the required process varies. Some states allow direct private transfers, while others require additional steps such as background checks or permits.
- In most states firearms can be purchased from private sellers, although some states require background checks or dealer involvement for private transfers.
- Sometimes. Federal law generally requires background checks for sales by licensed dealers, but private (unlicensed) sellers are not federally required to run checks unless state law extends the requirement. Several states do extend background checks to private sales.
- Usually not directly. Federal law generally prohibits transferring a firearm directly to an unlicensed person who resides in a different state; the transfer typically must be handled through an FFL in the buyer’s state.
- Even when not legally required, documentation is strongly recommended. It helps prove when the firearm changed hands and reduces disputes or confusion later.
Understanding when a firearm transfer is required and how to complete one legally is an important part of responsible gun ownership.
Quick Facts
Buying a Gun From a Private Seller
A private gun sale generally means a firearm transfer between two individuals (non-licensed sellers) rather than a retail purchase from a gun store’s inventory. It can include:
- Selling a used gun to another person in your state
- Buying from a private seller you met through a friend, club, or classifieds
- Trading firearms between collectors
- A private transfer arranged online (still subject to state/federal rules)
- Federal rules (apply nationwide)
- State rules (vary by state, sometimes by firearm type)
- Sometimes local rules (certain states/localities add layers)
The primary federal law regulating firearm transfers is the Gun Control Act of 1968.
Federal Firearm Laws for Gun Buyers
Even if your state is “private-sale friendly,” federal law still sets baseline rules.
- 1) Prohibited persons
Federal law restricts firearm possession for certain categories of individuals (for example, certain criminal convictions and other disqualifiers). Transferring a firearm to a prohibited person can create serious legal exposure. - 2) Interstate (out-of-state) transfers
A very common mistake is thinking: “We’ll just meet halfway across the border.” Federal law generally prohibits a private seller from transferring a firearm directly to an unlicensed person who resides in another state. Typically, the firearm must be shipped or delivered to an FFL in the buyer’s state, where the buyer completes required paperwork and the background check. - 3) Dealer sales require background checks
When you buy from a federally licensed dealer (FFL), federal law requires the dealer to initiate a background check before transferring the firearm to a non-dealer.
Bottom line: even if your state doesn’t require checks for private sales, you still must avoid prohibited transfers and follow interstate rules.
Why Gun Laws Vary By State
States differ on private sales in five major ways. When you click your state, the detailed page will spell out exactly what applies.
- Background checks for private sales
Some states require background checks for most or all private transfers, often by routing the transfer through an FFL or state system. - Permits / licenses / eligibility cards / Registration
Some states require buyers to hold a permit or license (or sellers to verify one) before a transfer. - Waiting periods
Some states impose mandatory waiting periods before the buyer can take possession. California’s DOJ guidance, for example, describes dealer processing of private transfers and a waiting period. - Firearm-type distinctions
A few states apply different rules to handguns vs. long guns, or have special restrictions on certain categories. - Recordkeeping requirements
Some states require specific recordkeeping or verification steps; others don’t—yet documentation is still wise.
It is your responsibility to know your State and Federal laws! Let Gun Transfer take the headache away from you.
Background Checks and Gun Purchases
This is the #1 question that drives traffic—so let’s make it crystal clear.
- Federal background checks apply to FFL dealer transfers, but federal law does not universally require background checks for purely private (unlicensed) sales. The result is a “private sale gap” unless state law extends checks to private transfers.
- Many states have expanded background checks beyond federal law. Giffords summarizes that 22 states and DC extend background checks beyond federal law in some form, and 18 states + DC require background checks for all gun sales.
- Federal background checks apply to FFL dealer transfers, but federal law does not universally require background checks for purely private (unlicensed) sales. The result is a “private sale gap” unless state law extends checks to private transfers.
- Many states have expanded background checks beyond federal law. Giffords summarizes that 22 states and DC extend background checks beyond federal law in some form, and 18 states + DC require background checks for all gun sales.
Your takeaway:
Don’t rely on guesses. Pick your state below and follow that state’s process.
Understanding interstate firearm transfer laws helps ensure firearm transactions comply with federal regulations.
Buying a Gun from a Licensed Dealer
Purchasing a firearm from a licensed dealer is the most common way Americans buy guns.
Licensed firearm dealers are known as Federal Firearms License (FFL) holders.
- Selecting the Gun at a licensed Dealer
- Completing Federal Firearm Purchase Paperwork
- Undergoing NICS background Check
- Waiting for approval before the firearm is transferred
Some states impose additional requirements such as waiting periods or firearm registration.
Step-by-Step
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7 Steps to Safely Buy Your Gun
Although firearm transfer laws vary by state, the basic transfer process generally follows similar steps.
1
Confirm it’s an in-state transfer
Before anything else, confirm the seller is a resident of your state (as applicable). If the seller is out-of-state, stop and follow the interstate process (usually an FFL in the seller’s state).
2
Confirm the buyer and seller with Identification
You should never knowingly transfer to someone prohibited. If anything feels off (strange urgency, refusal to provide basic info, buyer hints they “can’t buy in a store”), don’t proceed.
3
Verify firearm details
Record:
- Make / model
- Caliber / gauge
- Serial number
- Condition notes (optional but smart)
4
Agree on terms (clearly)
Price, method of payment, transfer date/location, and any accessories included. Always select somewhere well lit and preferably with security cameras.
5
Follow your state’s required steps
Depending on state:
- Background check / dealer processing / state authorization
- Waiting periods
- Permit or License verification
- Special handling for certain firearms
6
Document the transfer
Even if not required, documentation protects both parties. It establishes:
- Exactly what was transferred
- The date/time of transfer
- The parties involved
- The agreed terms
7
Store your record securely
Keep your copy. If questions ever arise later, you’ll have a clear record of when you transferred ownership.
Why Records matter in a Private Gun Purchase
Keeping records of a private firearm sale can help protect both the buyer and the seller. While many states do not legally require documentation for private firearm transfers, maintaining records is widely considered a responsible practice.
- Establish when firearm ownership changed
- Document the chain of ownership for collectible firearms
- Verify purchase details if insurance claims occur
- Maintain accurate personal firearm inventories
- Protects Both the Buyer and Seller
- Creates a Clear Record of the Firearm
- Helps Avoid Ownership Disputes
- Reduces Legal risk
While private firearm sales are legal in many states, maintaining documentation is a simple step that can help protect both parties and demonstrate responsible firearm ownership.
Keeping accurate records helps ensure that firearm transfers are conducted transparently and responsibly.
Buying a Gun Online
Online marketplaces have made it easier for gun owners to connect with potential buyers.
However, firearm transfers must still comply with federal and state firearm laws.
If you are selling to someone in another State, you must use an FFL Dealer to make the transfer.
- Follow all federal and state firearm laws
- Confirm the buyer is legally eligible to possess firearms
- Verify the buyer’s residency when required
- Handle firearms safely during the transaction
- Maintain documentation of the transfer
- Trust your judgment!
Private firearm sales are legal in many states, but responsible firearm ownership includes ensuring that firearms are transferred safely and legally. Responsible gun sales help protect both the buyer and the seller and support safe firearm ownership within the community.
Current News Stories of Gun Sales Gone Wrong
Background checks are an important part of the firearm transfer process.
- selling a firearm to someone who is legally prohibited
- failing to verify eligibility
- criminal charges for the seller
- private sellers may unknowingly transfer firearms to individuals who later commit crimes
- investigators often examine whether the original sale followed the law
- selling stolen firearms
- arranging sales through online messaging
- illegal firearm trafficking
- repeatedly selling guns for profit can classify someone as a firearms dealer
- selling firearms without a Federal Firearms License can lead to federal charges
How Gun Transfer Keeps You Safe
One of the most important benefits of using Gun Transfer is the ability to create a clear record of a firearm transfer. When firearms change ownership, documentation can help establish when the transfer occurred and who the parties involved were.
- Gun Transfer walks you through your states requirements
- Document firearm ownership transfers
- Create firearm transaction records
- Organize firearm purchase and sale history
- Maintain documentation of private transfers
Using a structured documentation system can help firearm buyers and sellers maintain clear records of when firearms were transferred and who received them.
GunTransfer helps firearm owners keep track of their transactions while promoting responsible firearm ownership practices.
Full 50-State Gun Buying Guide
Comprehensive breakdown of private firearm transfer laws for every state.
How to Buy a Gun in Alabama
Alabama allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Alaska
Alaska allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Arizona
Arizona allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Arkansas
Arkansas allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in California
California has strict firearm purchasing laws. All gun purchases must go through licensed dealers with background checks, waiting periods, and additional requirements.
Who Can Buy: 21+ (most firearms)
Background Check: Required (All Purchases)
Private Sales: Must go through FFL
Permits: Firearm Safety Certificate Required
Waiting Period: 10 Days
ID Required: Government-issued ID + proof of residency
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers only
Special Restrictions: Purchase limits and approved firearm roster
Strict purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in Colorado
Colorado requires background checks for all firearm purchases, including private sales processed through licensed dealers.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (All Purchases)
Private Sales: Must go through FFL
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or FFL transfers
Special Restrictions: Universal background check requirement
Strict purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in Connecticut
Connecticut has strict firearm purchasing laws requiring permits, background checks, and registration for most firearm purchases.
Who Can Buy: 21+ (most firearms)
Background Check: Required (All Purchases)
Private Sales: Must go through FFL
Permits: Permit Required Before Purchase
Waiting Period: Built into permit process
ID Required: Government ID + permit documentation
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers only
Special Restrictions: Registration and firearm eligibility requirements
Strict purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in Delaware
Delaware requires background checks for all firearm purchases, including private sales that must be processed through licensed dealers.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (All Purchases)
Private Sales: Must go through FFL
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or FFL transfers
Special Restrictions: Universal background check requirement
Strict purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in Florida
Florida requires background checks for dealer purchases and imposes a limited waiting period, while private sales are generally allowed.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: 3 Days (Retail Purchases, may vary by county)
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: Waiting period applies to retail sales
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Georgia
Georgia allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Hawaii
Hawaii has strict firearm purchasing laws requiring permits, background checks, and registration before and after purchasing a firearm.
Who Can Buy: 21+ (handguns) | 18+ (long guns with permit)
Background Check: Required (All Purchases)
Private Sales: Must go through FFL
Permits: Permit Required Before Purchase
Waiting Period: Built into permit process
ID Required: Government ID + permit documentation
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers only
Special Restrictions: Registration required after purchase
Strict purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in Idaho
Idaho allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Illinois
Illinois requires a Firearm Owner’s Identification (FOID) card and background checks for all firearm purchases, including private sales.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns)
Background Check: Required (All Purchases)
Private Sales: Must verify FOID + background check
Permits: FOID Card Required
Waiting Period: 72 Hours
ID Required: Government ID + FOID card
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or regulated private sales
Special Restrictions: FOID required for ownership and purchase
Moderate purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in Indiana
Indiana allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Iowa
Iowa allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. While most purchases are straightforward, permits may apply to certain handgun acquisitions.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required (Handgun permits optional for purchase)
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Kansas
Kansas allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Kentucky
Kentucky allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Louisiana
Louisiana allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Maine
Maine allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Maryland
Maryland has strict firearm purchasing laws requiring permits, background checks, and waiting periods for certain firearm purchases.
Who Can Buy: 21+ (handguns) | 18+ (long guns)
Background Check: Required (All Purchases)
Private Sales: Must go through FFL
Permits: Handgun Qualification License (HQL) Required
Waiting Period: 7 Days (Handguns)
ID Required: Government ID + HQL (for handguns)
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or FFL transfers
Special Restrictions: HQL required for handgun purchases
Strict purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in Massachusetts
Massachusetts has very strict firearm purchasing laws requiring licenses, background checks, and registration for most firearm purchases.
Who Can Buy: 21+ (most firearms)
Background Check: Required (All Purchases)
Private Sales: Must go through FFL or state system
Permits: License to Carry (LTC) or Firearm ID (FID) Required
Waiting Period: Varies (license approval required first)
ID Required: Government ID + firearm license
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers only
Special Restrictions: License required for ownership and purchase
Strict purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in Michigan
Michigan allows firearm purchases with relatively minimal restrictions, though handgun purchases may require a permit if the buyer does not have a concealed pistol license (CPL).
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (Permit required for some handgun transfers)
Permits: Not Required (Handgun permit required without CPL)
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: Handgun registration required after purchase
Moderate purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in Minnesota
Minnesota requires permits for certain firearms and background checks for purchases, making the process more regulated than many states.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns)
Background Check: Required (All Purchases)
Private Sales: Must verify eligibility (permit or background check)
Permits: Permit to Purchase required for handguns & certain rifles
Waiting Period: None (permit process may take time)
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or regulated private sales
Special Restrictions: Permit required for certain firearm types
Moderate purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in Mississippi
Mississippi allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Missouri
Missouri allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Montana
Montana allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Nebraska
Nebraska allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions, though a permit is required for handgun purchases.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (Permit required for handgun purchases)
Permits: Handgun Purchase Permit Required
Waiting Period: None (permit process required)
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: Permit required for handgun purchases
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Nevada
Nevada requires background checks for most firearm purchases, including private sales, making the process more regulated than many states.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (All Purchases)
Private Sales: Must go through FFL (background check required)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or FFL-facilitated transfers
Special Restrictions: Universal background checks required
Strict purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in New Hampshire
New Hampshire allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in New Jersey
New Jersey has very strict firearm purchasing laws requiring permits, background checks, and registration for most firearm purchases.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns)
Background Check: Required (All Purchases)
Private Sales: Must go through FFL
Permits: Firearms Purchaser ID + Handgun Purchase Permit Required
Waiting Period: Varies (permit approval + handgun limits)
ID Required: Government ID + firearm permits
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or FFL transfers
Special Restrictions: Permit required for each handgun purchase
Strict purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in New Mexico
New Mexico allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in New York
New York has very strict firearm purchasing laws requiring permits, background checks, and registration for many firearm purchases.
Who Can Buy: 21+ (most firearms)
Background Check: Required (All Purchases)
Private Sales: Must go through FFL
Permits: Required (Handgun license required; rifle/shotgun permits vary by location)
Waiting Period: Varies (permit approval process required)
ID Required: Government ID + firearm permits
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or FFL transfers
Special Restrictions: Permit required before purchasing handguns
Strict purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in North Carolina
North Carolina allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Handgun purchase permits are no longer required, simplifying the process.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in North Carolina
North Carolina allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Handgun purchase permits are no longer required, simplifying the process.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in North Dakota
North Dakota allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Oklahoma
Oklahoma allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Oregon
Oregon requires background checks for firearm purchases and has additional regulations affecting private sales and permits.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (All Purchases)
Private Sales: Must go through FFL
Permits: None
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or FFL-facilitated transfers
Special Restrictions: Background checks required for all transfers
Strict purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania requires background checks and regulates handgun transfers, while allowing more flexibility for long gun purchases.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (All Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Handguns must go through FFL; long guns allowed
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or mixed private sale rules
Special Restrictions: Handgun transfers must be processed through an FFL
Moderate purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in Rhode Island
Rhode Island has strict firearm purchasing laws requiring background checks, safety certification, and waiting periods for most firearm purchases.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns)
Background Check: Required (All Purchases)
Private Sales: Must go through FFL
Permits: Safety certificate or permit required
Waiting Period: 7 days
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or FFL transfers
Special Restrictions: Mandatory waiting period and safety requirements
Strict purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in South Carolina
South Carolina allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in South Dakota
South Dakota allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Tennessee
Tennessee allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Texas
Texas allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Utah
Utah allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Vermont
Vermont requires background checks for firearm purchases and regulates private sales, with additional waiting period requirements.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (All Purchases)
Private Sales: Must go through FFL
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: 72 hours
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or FFL transfers
Special Restrictions: Waiting period required for firearm purchases
Strict purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in Virginia
Virginia allows firearm purchases with relatively minimal restrictions, though some limitations apply to handgun purchases.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (All Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: One handgun purchase per month limit (with exceptions)
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Washington
Washington has strict firearm purchasing laws requiring background checks, waiting periods, and additional requirements for certain firearm types.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (semiautomatic rifles & handguns)
Background Check: Required (All Purchases)
Private Sales: Must go through FFL
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: 10 days (or until background check is complete)
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or FFL transfers
Special Restrictions: Additional requirements for semiautomatic rifle purchases
Strict purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C. has some of the strictest firearm purchasing laws in the United States, requiring registration, background checks, and multiple approval steps.
Who Can Buy: 21+ (most firearms)
Background Check: Required (All Purchases)
Private Sales: Must go through FFL
Permits: Registration and approval required before purchase
Waiting Period: Required (multiple-step approval process)
ID Required: Government-issued ID and residency documentation
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers only
Special Restrictions: Firearm registration and strict compliance requirements
Strict purchase laws
How to Buy a Gun in West Virginia
West Virginia allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Wisconsin
Wisconsin allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
How to Buy a Gun in Wyoming
Wyoming allows firearm purchases with minimal restrictions. Most buyers can purchase firearms without permits or waiting periods.
Who Can Buy: 18+ (long guns) | 21+ (handguns from dealers)
Background Check: Required (Dealer Purchases)
Private Sales: Allowed (No Background Check)
Permits: Not Required
Waiting Period: None
ID Required: Government-issued photo ID
Where to Buy: Licensed dealers or private sellers
Special Restrictions: None
Easy purchase state
Select Your State:
Support
Frequently Asked
Questions
Can you buy a gun privately?
Yes, private firearm purchases are legal in many states, although some states require background checks or licensed dealer involvement.
Do private gun sales require background checks?
Sometimes. Federal law requires background checks for dealer transfers, and many states extend background check requirements to private sales. Use the state selector above to see your state’s rules.
Can I buy a gun privately from someone from another state?
No, you can’t transfer directly to an unlicensed person from another state; the transfer typically must go through an FFL in the seller’s state.
Is a bill of sale required?
Some states require specific documentation; many do not. Even when not required, documentation is strongly recommended to prove when the firearm changed hands.
Do state laws apply to both handguns and long guns?
Sometimes states treat firearm categories differently. Your state guide explains whether rules differ by firearm type.
What if the seller fails the required process in my state?
If your state requires a specific transfer method (background check, authorization, waiting period), do not transfer the firearm until the process is properly completed.
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GunTransfer helps firearm owners complete private firearm transfers responsibly while helping buyers and sellers remain compliant with applicable firearm laws.
Legal Disclaimer
The information on this page is provided for general educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Firearm laws may change and may vary depending on individual circumstances. Always consult official state resources or a qualified professional for guidance.
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