Gun Laws in Michigan
Gun laws in Michigan are relatively permissive, but all gun owners must comply with both federal law and Michigan state-specific regulations. All private transfers must go through a licensed FFL dealer. There is no waiting period. This complete guide covers every Michigan gun law you need to know in 2026.
Michigan Gun Laws — Quick Overview
Michigan Gun Laws — Quick Reference
Adults 18+ (21+ from dealers for handguns) not prohibited under federal law. Concealed Pistol License (CPL) required for concealed carry.
Private Sales: Handguns: FFL/permit required. Long guns: no FFL required.
Background Check: Handguns: background check required. Long guns: not required.
Waiting Period: None
Permit to Purchase: Not required
Registration: Required
Magazine Limit: None
Assault Weapons Ban: No state ban
Min Age (Private): 18+
Min Age (Dealer): 21+ handguns / 18+ long guns
Carry Laws: Concealed Pistol License (CPL) required for concealed carry
Table of Contents
Michigan Gun Laws — Complete Reference Table
How GunTransfer Keeps You Safe
Key Gun Law Categories Explained
How Gun Laws Are Categorized
Quick Answers About Michigan Gun Laws
Top 10 Gun Law Violations
Responsible Firearm Transfers in Michigan
Documentation and Liability
Michigan Gun Law Resources
FAQ — Gun Laws in Michigan
Michigan Gun Laws — Complete Reference Table
The table below covers every major category of gun law in Michigan — from private sales and background checks to carry rights, prohibited persons, and penalties. Each row includes Michigan's specific rule, key details, and direct links to the governing law.
| LAW CATEGORY | MICHIGAN STATUS | KEY DETAILS | LAW RESOURCES |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🔒 PRIVATE SALES & TRANSFERS | |||
| Private Gun SalesPerson-to-person transfers | ⚠️ Handguns: FFL Required | Private handgun transfers must go through a licensed FFL dealer or law enforcement for a background check. Private long gun transfers do not require a background check or FFL dealer in Michigan. GunTransfer performs a full background check and generates a bill of sale for all transfers. | MCL § 28.421 et seq.; MCL § 28... ATF — Private Transfer Rules |
| FFL Dealer RequiredLicensed dealer involvement | ⚠️ Handguns Only | For private handgun transfers in Michigan, an FFL dealer or law enforcement is required. Long gun private sales between Michigan residents do not require an FFL dealer. | ATF — FFL Dealers ATF — Interstate Rules |
| Bill of SaleTransfer documentation | 🔵 Recommended | FFL dealer records are required. A GunTransfer bill of sale adds private documentation protecting both parties beyond the dealer's required records. | GunTransfer Bill of Sale → |
| Interstate TransfersOut-of-state sales | 🔵 FFL Required | Federal law prohibits direct private handgun transfers between residents of different states. Any out-of-state firearm purchase must ship to a licensed FFL dealer in the buyer's state. | 18 U.S.C. § 922 ATF Interstate Guidance |
| 🔍 BACKGROUND CHECKS | |||
| Background Check — DealerLicensed dealer purchases | 🔵 Required | Background checks are required for ALL purchases from licensed FFL dealers under federal law. The dealer submits a NICS check through the FBI before releasing any firearm. | FBI NICS System ATF — Brady Law |
| Background Check — Private SalesPerson-to-person | ⚠️ Handguns Only | Michigan requires a background check for private handgun transfers only. Private long gun (rifle and shotgun) transfers do not require a background check in Michigan. GunTransfer provides a full background check for every transfer regardless of firearm type. | ATF — Prohibited Persons 18 U.S.C. § 922(d) |
| ⏱ WAITING PERIODS | |||
| Waiting PeriodDealer & private sales | ✅ None | Michigan has no mandatory waiting period for any firearm purchase or private transfer. Eligible buyers may take immediate possession after a legal transfer is completed. | Michigan Firearms Laws Giffords — Waiting Periods |
| 📋 PERMITS & LICENSES | |||
| Permit to PurchaseBefore buying a firearm | ✅ Not Required | Michigan does not require any permit, license, or state ID card to purchase a firearm. Federal eligibility requirements apply. | Michigan Firearms Laws |
| Concealed CarryCarrying a hidden firearm | ⚠️ Restricted | Concealed Pistol License (CPL) required for concealed carry. Open carry permitted. | Michigan Carry Laws Michigan Carry Reciprocity |
| 📝 REGISTRATION | |||
| Firearm RegistrationState registry | 🔵 Required | Michigan requires firearm registration. All firearms must be registered with the appropriate Michigan authority. New owners must register transferred firearms following the transfer. | Michigan Firearms Laws |
| 🎂 AGE REQUIREMENTS | |||
| Handguns — DealerMinimum purchase age | ⚠️ 21+ | Federal law requires buyers to be at least 21 to purchase a handgun from a licensed FFL dealer. | 18 U.S.C. § 922(b)(1) |
| Long Guns — DealerRifles & shotguns | ⚠️ 18+ | Federal law allows licensed FFL dealers to sell rifles and shotguns to buyers 18+. | 18 U.S.C. § 922(b)(1) |
| Private Sales — All FirearmsMinimum private sale age | ⚠️ 18+ | Federal law sets 18 as the minimum age for all private firearm transfers in Michigan — handguns and long guns alike. | 18 U.S.C. § 922(x) |
| 🔫 CARRY LAWS | |||
| Open CarryCarrying a visible firearm | ✅ Legal | Open carry is legal in Michigan for eligible adults. Restricted locations (schools, courthouses, federal buildings) still apply. | Michigan Carry Laws |
| ⛔ FIREARM RESTRICTIONS | |||
| Assault Weapons BanRestrictions on certain firearms | ✅ No Ban | Michigan has no state assault weapons ban. Semi-automatic rifles, pistols, and shotguns are legal to purchase, own, and transfer in Michigan. | Michigan Firearms Laws Giffords — Michigan AWB |
| Magazine Capacity LimitsRound restrictions | ✅ No Limit | Michigan has no magazine capacity restrictions. Magazines of any capacity are legal to purchase, own, and transfer in Michigan. | Giffords — Magazine Laws |
| Red Flag / ERPO LawsEmergency removal orders | ⚠️ Law Exists | Michigan has a Red Flag law (Extreme Risk Protection Order / ERPO). Law enforcement or family members may petition a court to temporarily remove firearms from an individual deemed a risk. | Giffords — Red Flag Laws |
| 🚫 PROHIBITED PERSONS | |||
| Federal Prohibited PersonsWho cannot own firearms | 🚫 See List | Under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g), prohibited from possessing firearms in Michigan and all states:
| ATF — Prohibited Persons 18 U.S.C. § 922(g) |
| ⚖️ SELLER & BUYER OBLIGATIONS | |||
| Seller ResponsibilityLegal obligations when selling | 🔵 Federal Law | Even in gun-friendly states like Michigan, sellers carry federal legal obligations. You cannot:
| 18 U.S.C. § 922(d) ATF — Seller Obligations |
| Gift TransfersTransferring without payment | ✅ Legal | Firearms may be gifted in Michigan when the recipient is legally eligible and at least 18 years old. The same prohibited person restrictions apply. Gifting to a prohibited person is a federal felony. Document with GunTransfer. | 18 U.S.C. § 922 |
| Gun InheritanceInheriting firearms from estate | ✅ Legal | Michigan allows the inheritance of legally-owned firearms. Key rules:
| ATF — Firearm Inheritance ATF — NFA Inheritance |
| 📚 KEY MICHIGAN STATUTES | |||
| Primary Firearms StatuteMain state law | 📋 State Law | MCL § 28.421 et seq.; MCL § 28.422a (2023 background check law) — Michigan's primary firearms laws covering possession, transfer, carry, and prohibited persons. | Michigan Firearms Code (Full Text) Giffords — Michigan Gun Laws NRA-ILA — Michigan |
| Federal Baseline LawApplies in all 50 states | 📋 Federal | 18 U.S.C. § 922 — The primary federal firearms statute governing who can own guns, dealer background checks, interstate transfer rules, and federal firearms crimes. Applies in Michigan and every state. | 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Full Text) ATF State Laws Guide |
How GunTransfer Keeps You Safe
Stay compliant, protected, and organized with every firearm transfer.
Key Gun Law Categories Explained
Understanding gun laws requires more than knowing whether a state is strict or gun-friendly. Below are the key categories that define firearm regulations.
- Some states allow private sales
- Others require an FFL for all transfers
- Required for dealer purchases
- Some states require for private sales
- No delay in some states
- Others require several days
- Background checks
- Fingerprinting & training
- Government approval
- Most states do not require it
- Some states and DC do
- Permitless carry
- Shall-issue permits
- Restrictive systems
- Allowed in many states
- Restricted in others
- Common limits: 10–15 rounds
- No limits in many states
- Banned or restricted in some states
- Allowed in others
- Legal in most states with approval
- Restricted in a few
Quick Facts
How Gun Laws Are Categorized
To understand firearm regulations across the United States — and in Michigan specifically — gun laws fall into three broad categories: gun-friendly states, moderate states, and strict states. Michigan falls into the moderate category: 🟡 Moderate.
- No background checks for private sales
- No waiting periods
- No permit required to purchase
- No firearm registration
- Permitless (constitutional) carry
- No magazine capacity limits
- Minimal transfer restrictions
- Some background check requirements
- Private sale rules vary
- Concealed carry permits required
- Limited waiting periods
- Some firearm restrictions
- State-level transfer rules
- Universal background checks required
- Mandatory waiting periods
- Firearm registration required
- Permit required to purchase
- Magazine capacity limits
- Assault weapon restrictions
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Quick Answers about Michigan Gun Laws
A gun transfer occurs whenever legal ownership of a firearm changes from one individual to another in Michigan. Private handgun transfers require an FFL dealer or law enforcement; private long gun transfers do not.
- Handguns: Require a background check through an FFL dealer or law enforcement. Long guns: Legal between eligible Michigan residents without FFL involvement. GunTransfer documents every sale.
- Handguns: Yes — background check required for all private handgun transfers in Michigan. Long guns: No background check required for private long gun transfers. GunTransfer performs a full background check for all transfers.
- No — not directly. Federal law requires handgun sales to buyers in other states to go through a licensed FFL dealer in the buyer's state. Online purchases must ship to a local FFL.
- Yes — required and strongly recommended. The FFL dealer retains required records. A GunTransfer bill of sale adds additional protection.
Understanding when a firearm transfer is required and how to complete one legally in Michigan is essential for responsible gun ownership. GunTransfer makes every private transfer documented and legally protected.
Top 10 Gun Law Violations
Many firearm law violations happen because people misunderstand the rules—not because they intend to break them.
The laws vary by state, and even small mistakes can lead to serious legal consequences.
$250,000 fine
Responsible Firearm Transfers
Responsible firearm transfers in Michigan help ensure that firearms remain in the hands of law-abiding citizens. Even in gun-friendly Michigan, responsible sellers always verify buyer eligibility and document the transfer.
- Confirming the buyer is legally eligible to possess firearms under Michigan and federal law
- Verifying the buyer is at least 18 years old and a legal U.S. resident
- Using GunTransfer to run a full background check on the buyer
- Generating a complete GunTransfer bill of sale documenting both parties and the firearm
- Meeting in a safe, public location to complete the transfer
- Keeping a permanent copy of the GunTransfer bill of sale
Responsible firearm transfers help protect Michigan gun owners from future liability, prevent firearms from reaching prohibited individuals, and demonstrate the law-abiding character of Michigan’s gun owner community.
Documentation and Liability When Transferring a Gun
Whenever a firearm changes ownership in Michigan, documentation protects both the buyer and the seller. Without a documented bill of sale, a seller has no proof the firearm left their possession on a specific date — which can create serious problems if the firearm is later lost, stolen, or used in a crime.
Documentation serves several important purposes:
- Establishes the exact date when firearm ownership changed hands
- Records buyer identity and eligibility acknowledgment
- Protects the seller from liability for incidents occurring after the sale
- Provides the buyer with proof of legal ownership
- Supports any future law enforcement inquiry about the firearm's history
For private firearm transfers, documentation may include:
- Full legal names and addresses of both buyer and seller
- Firearm make, model, caliber, and serial number
- Date of transfer and agreed sale price
- Buyer eligibility acknowledgment (signed)
- Results of the full background check performed through GunTransfer
When firearm transfers occur through GunTransfer, all of this documentation is generated automatically. GunTransfer performs a full background check on the buyer and generates a complete, signed bill of sale — giving both parties a permanent legal record of the Michigan transaction.
Maintaining documentation can help protect Michigan gun owners from being connected to crimes involving firearms they no longer own. GunTransfer’s bill of sale is the most complete form of private firearm transfer documentation available for Michigan residents.
Michigan Gun Law Resources
Complete Michigan firearms guides and 50-state resources from GunTransfer.com
50 State Guides
Gun Laws by State →How to Buy a Gun by State →How to Sell a Gun by State →Private Gun Sale Laws by State →Gun Transfer Laws by State →Background Check Laws →Waiting Period Laws →Support
Frequently Asked
Questions
What are the gun laws in Michigan?
Michigan regulates private firearm sales. All private transfers must go through a licensed FFL dealer for a background check in Michigan. There is no waiting period. Firearm registration is required. See MCL § 28.421 et seq.; MCL § 28.422a (2023 background check law).
Do I need a background check to buy a gun in Michigan?
Yes. Michigan requires a background check for all firearm transfers, including private sales. All transfers must go through a licensed FFL dealer.
Is there a waiting period for gun purchases in Michigan?
No. Michigan does not require a waiting period for firearm purchases. Eligible buyers may take possession immediately after a legal transfer is completed.
What is a gun transfer and when is it required?
A gun transfer occurs whenever legal ownership of a firearm moves from one person to another. In Michigan, all transfers — including private sales — must be processed through a licensed FFL dealer. Interstate transfers always require a licensed FFL in the buyer’s state under federal law.
Ready to Transfer ?
Michigan Gun Law Resources: MCL § 28.421 et seq.; MCL § 28.422a | ATF — Prohibited Persons | 18 U.S.C. § 922 | FBI NICS | Giffords — Michigan Gun Laws
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