Gun Laws in Minnesota
Gun laws in Minnesota are relatively permissive, but all gun owners must comply with both federal law and Minnesota state-specific regulations. All private transfers must go through a licensed FFL dealer. A waiting period applies: 7 days for handguns from dealers — waived for Permit to Carry holders. This complete guide covers every Minnesota gun law you need to know in 2026.
Minnesota Gun Laws — Quick Overview
Minnesota Gun Laws — Quick Reference
Adults 18+ with a valid Transferee Permit (required for handguns and semi-automatic assault weapons). Shall-issue Permit to Carry required for concealed carry.
Private Sales: Must go through licensed FFL dealer
Background Check: Required for ALL transfers
Waiting Period: 7 days for handguns from dealers — waived for Permit to Carry holders
Permit to Purchase: Required
Registration: Not required
Magazine Limit: None
Assault Weapons Ban: No state ban
Min Age (Private): 18+
Min Age (Dealer): 21+ handguns / 18+ long guns
Carry Laws: Shall-issue Permit to Carry required for concealed carry
Table of Contents
Minnesota Gun Laws — Complete Reference Table
How GunTransfer Keeps You Safe
Key Gun Law Categories Explained
How Gun Laws Are Categorized
Quick Answers About Minnesota Gun Laws
Top 10 Gun Law Violations
Responsible Firearm Transfers in Minnesota
Documentation and Liability
Minnesota Gun Law Resources
FAQ — Gun Laws in Minnesota
Minnesota Gun Laws — Complete Reference Table
The table below covers every major category of gun law in Minnesota — from private sales and background checks to carry rights, prohibited persons, and penalties. Each row includes Minnesota's specific rule, key details, and direct links to the governing law.
| LAW CATEGORY | MINNESOTA STATUS | KEY DETAILS | LAW RESOURCES |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🔒 PRIVATE SALES & TRANSFERS | |||
| Private Gun SalesPerson-to-person transfers | ⚠️ FFL Required | All private firearm transfers in Minnesota must go through a licensed FFL dealer for a background check. Direct person-to-person private transfers without a dealer are not permitted under Minnesota law. GunTransfer performs a full background check and generates a bill of sale for every transfer. | Minn. Stat. § 624.7132 (Transf... ATF — Private Transfer Rules |
| FFL Dealer RequiredLicensed dealer involvement | 🔵 Required | All private transfers in Minnesota must go through a licensed FFL dealer. The dealer conducts the background check and maintains required records. | ATF — FFL Dealers ATF — Interstate Rules |
| Bill of SaleTransfer documentation | 🔵 Recommended | FFL dealer records are required. A GunTransfer bill of sale adds private documentation protecting both parties beyond the dealer's required records. | GunTransfer Bill of Sale → |
| Interstate TransfersOut-of-state sales | 🔵 FFL Required | Federal law prohibits direct private handgun transfers between residents of different states. Any out-of-state firearm purchase must ship to a licensed FFL dealer in the buyer's state. | 18 U.S.C. § 922 ATF Interstate Guidance |
| 🔍 BACKGROUND CHECKS | |||
| Background Check — DealerLicensed dealer purchases | 🔵 Required | Background checks are required for ALL purchases from licensed FFL dealers under federal law. The dealer submits a NICS check through the FBI before releasing any firearm. | FBI NICS System ATF — Brady Law |
| Background Check — Private SalesPerson-to-person | 🔵 Required | Minnesota requires background checks for ALL private firearm transfers — all transfers must go through a licensed FFL dealer who conducts the check. GunTransfer also performs its own full background check on every buyer. | ATF — Prohibited Persons 18 U.S.C. § 922(d) |
| ⏱ WAITING PERIODS | |||
| Waiting PeriodDealer & private sales | ⚠️ Required | Minnesota requires a waiting period: 7 days for handguns from dealers — waived for Permit to Carry holders. The buyer cannot take possession until this waiting period has elapsed after the transfer is approved. | Minnesota Firearms Laws Giffords — Waiting Periods |
| 📋 PERMITS & LICENSES | |||
| Permit to PurchaseBefore buying a firearm | 🔵 Required | Minnesota requires a permit or license before purchasing a firearm. See Minn. Stat. § 624.7132 (Transferee Permit); Minn. Stat. § 624.714 (carry permit) for specific permit requirements. The permit process includes a background check. | Minnesota Firearms Laws |
| Concealed CarryCarrying a hidden firearm | 🔵 Shall-Issue | Shall-issue Permit to Carry required for concealed carry. | Minnesota Carry Laws Minnesota Carry Reciprocity |
| 📝 REGISTRATION | |||
| Firearm RegistrationState registry | ✅ Not Required | Minnesota has no state firearm registry. Gun owners are not required to register firearms with any state or local government. | Minnesota Firearms Laws |
| 🎂 AGE REQUIREMENTS | |||
| Handguns — DealerMinimum purchase age | ⚠️ 21+ | Federal law requires buyers to be at least 21 to purchase a handgun from a licensed FFL dealer. | 18 U.S.C. § 922(b)(1) |
| Long Guns — DealerRifles & shotguns | ⚠️ 18+ | Federal law allows licensed FFL dealers to sell rifles and shotguns to buyers 18+. | 18 U.S.C. § 922(b)(1) |
| Private Sales — All FirearmsMinimum private sale age | ⚠️ 18+ | Federal law sets 18 as the minimum age for all private firearm transfers in Minnesota — handguns and long guns alike. | 18 U.S.C. § 922(x) |
| 🔫 CARRY LAWS | |||
| Open CarryCarrying a visible firearm | ✅ Legal | Open carry is legal in Minnesota for eligible adults. Restricted locations (schools, courthouses, federal buildings) still apply. | Minnesota Carry Laws |
| ⛔ FIREARM RESTRICTIONS | |||
| Assault Weapons BanRestrictions on certain firearms | ✅ No Ban | Minnesota has no state assault weapons ban. Semi-automatic rifles, pistols, and shotguns are legal to purchase, own, and transfer in Minnesota. | Minnesota Firearms Laws Giffords — Minnesota AWB |
| Magazine Capacity LimitsRound restrictions | ✅ No Limit | Minnesota has no magazine capacity restrictions. Magazines of any capacity are legal to purchase, own, and transfer in Minnesota. | Giffords — Magazine Laws |
| Red Flag / ERPO LawsEmergency removal orders | ⚠️ Law Exists | Minnesota has a Red Flag law (Extreme Risk Protection Order / ERPO). Law enforcement or family members may petition a court to temporarily remove firearms from an individual deemed a risk. | Giffords — Red Flag Laws |
| 🚫 PROHIBITED PERSONS | |||
| Federal Prohibited PersonsWho cannot own firearms | 🚫 See List | Under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g), prohibited from possessing firearms in Minnesota and all states:
| ATF — Prohibited Persons 18 U.S.C. § 922(g) |
| ⚖️ SELLER & BUYER OBLIGATIONS | |||
| Seller ResponsibilityLegal obligations when selling | 🔵 Federal Law | Even in gun-friendly states like Minnesota, sellers carry federal legal obligations. You cannot:
| 18 U.S.C. § 922(d) ATF — Seller Obligations |
| Gift TransfersTransferring without payment | ✅ Legal | Firearms may be gifted in Minnesota when the recipient is legally eligible and at least 18 years old. The same prohibited person restrictions apply. Gifting to a prohibited person is a federal felony. Document with GunTransfer. | 18 U.S.C. § 922 |
| Gun InheritanceInheriting firearms from estate | ✅ Legal | Minnesota allows the inheritance of legally-owned firearms. Key rules:
| ATF — Firearm Inheritance ATF — NFA Inheritance |
| 📚 KEY MINNESOTA STATUTES | |||
| Primary Firearms StatuteMain state law | 📋 State Law | Minn. Stat. § 624.7132 (Transferee Permit); Minn. Stat. § 624.714 (carry permit) — Minnesota's primary firearms laws covering possession, transfer, carry, and prohibited persons. | Minnesota Firearms Code (Full Text) Giffords — Minnesota Gun Laws NRA-ILA — Minnesota |
| Federal Baseline LawApplies in all 50 states | 📋 Federal | 18 U.S.C. § 922 — The primary federal firearms statute governing who can own guns, dealer background checks, interstate transfer rules, and federal firearms crimes. Applies in Minnesota and every state. | 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Full Text) ATF State Laws Guide |
How GunTransfer Keeps You Safe
Stay compliant, protected, and organized with every firearm transfer.
Key Gun Law Categories Explained
Understanding gun laws requires more than knowing whether a state is strict or gun-friendly. Below are the key categories that define firearm regulations.
- Some states allow private sales
- Others require an FFL for all transfers
- Required for dealer purchases
- Some states require for private sales
- No delay in some states
- Others require several days
- Background checks
- Fingerprinting & training
- Government approval
- Most states do not require it
- Some states and DC do
- Permitless carry
- Shall-issue permits
- Restrictive systems
- Allowed in many states
- Restricted in others
- Common limits: 10–15 rounds
- No limits in many states
- Banned or restricted in some states
- Allowed in others
- Legal in most states with approval
- Restricted in a few
Quick Facts
How Gun Laws Are Categorized
To understand firearm regulations across the United States — and in Minnesota specifically — gun laws fall into three broad categories: gun-friendly states, moderate states, and strict states. Minnesota falls into the moderate category: 🟡 Moderate.
- No background checks for private sales
- No waiting periods
- No permit required to purchase
- No firearm registration
- Permitless (constitutional) carry
- No magazine capacity limits
- Minimal transfer restrictions
- Some background check requirements
- Private sale rules vary
- Concealed carry permits required
- Limited waiting periods
- Some firearm restrictions
- State-level transfer rules
- Universal background checks required
- Mandatory waiting periods
- Firearm registration required
- Permit required to purchase
- Magazine capacity limits
- Assault weapon restrictions
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Quick Answers about Minnesota Gun Laws
A gun transfer occurs whenever legal ownership of a firearm changes from one individual to another in Minnesota. In Minnesota, all transfers must go through a licensed FFL dealer.
- Permitted in Minnesota, but ALL private transfers must go through a licensed FFL dealer for a background check.
- Yes — required for all transfers in Minnesota. All private sales must go through a licensed FFL dealer.
- No — not directly. Federal law requires handgun sales to buyers in other states to go through a licensed FFL dealer in the buyer's state. Online purchases must ship to a local FFL.
- Yes — required and strongly recommended. The FFL dealer retains required records. A GunTransfer bill of sale adds additional protection.
Understanding when a firearm transfer is required and how to complete one legally in Minnesota is essential for responsible gun ownership. GunTransfer makes every private transfer documented and legally protected.
Top 10 Gun Law Violations
Many firearm law violations happen because people misunderstand the rules—not because they intend to break them.
The laws vary by state, and even small mistakes can lead to serious legal consequences.
$250,000 fine
Responsible Firearm Transfers
Responsible firearm transfers in Minnesota help ensure that firearms remain in the hands of law-abiding citizens. Even in gun-friendly Minnesota, responsible sellers always verify buyer eligibility and document the transfer.
- Confirming the buyer is legally eligible to possess firearms under Minnesota and federal law
- Verifying the buyer is at least 18 years old and a legal U.S. resident
- Using GunTransfer to run a full background check on the buyer
- Generating a complete GunTransfer bill of sale documenting both parties and the firearm
- Meeting in a safe, public location to complete the transfer
- Keeping a permanent copy of the GunTransfer bill of sale
Responsible firearm transfers help protect Minnesota gun owners from future liability, prevent firearms from reaching prohibited individuals, and demonstrate the law-abiding character of Minnesota’s gun owner community.
Documentation and Liability When Transferring a Gun
Whenever a firearm changes ownership in Minnesota, documentation protects both the buyer and the seller. Without a documented bill of sale, a seller has no proof the firearm left their possession on a specific date — which can create serious problems if the firearm is later lost, stolen, or used in a crime.
Documentation serves several important purposes:
- Establishes the exact date when firearm ownership changed hands
- Records buyer identity and eligibility acknowledgment
- Protects the seller from liability for incidents occurring after the sale
- Provides the buyer with proof of legal ownership
- Supports any future law enforcement inquiry about the firearm's history
For private firearm transfers, documentation may include:
- Full legal names and addresses of both buyer and seller
- Firearm make, model, caliber, and serial number
- Date of transfer and agreed sale price
- Buyer eligibility acknowledgment (signed)
- Results of the full background check performed through GunTransfer
When firearm transfers occur through GunTransfer, all of this documentation is generated automatically. GunTransfer performs a full background check on the buyer and generates a complete, signed bill of sale — giving both parties a permanent legal record of the Minnesota transaction.
Maintaining documentation can help protect Minnesota gun owners from being connected to crimes involving firearms they no longer own. GunTransfer’s bill of sale is the most complete form of private firearm transfer documentation available for Minnesota residents.
Minnesota Gun Law Resources
Complete Minnesota firearms guides and 50-state resources from GunTransfer.com
50 State Guides
Gun Laws by State →How to Buy a Gun by State →How to Sell a Gun by State →Private Gun Sale Laws by State →Gun Transfer Laws by State →Background Check Laws →Waiting Period Laws →Support
Frequently Asked
Questions
What are the gun laws in Minnesota?
Minnesota regulates private firearm sales. All private transfers must go through a licensed FFL dealer for a background check in Minnesota. 7 days for handguns from dealers — waived for Permit to Carry holders. No firearm registration is required. See Minn. Stat. § 624.7132 (Transferee Permit); Minn. Stat. § 624.714 (carry permit).
Do I need a background check to buy a gun in Minnesota?
Yes. Minnesota requires a background check for all firearm transfers, including private sales. All transfers must go through a licensed FFL dealer.
Is there a waiting period for gun purchases in Minnesota?
Minnesota requires a waiting period: 7 days for handguns from dealers — waived for Permit to Carry holders. The buyer cannot take possession until this period elapses.
What is a gun transfer and when is it required?
A gun transfer occurs whenever legal ownership of a firearm moves from one person to another. In Minnesota, all transfers — including private sales — must be processed through a licensed FFL dealer. Interstate transfers always require a licensed FFL in the buyer’s state under federal law.
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Minnesota Gun Law Resources: Minn. Stat. § 624.7132 (Transferee | ATF — Prohibited Persons | 18 U.S.C. § 922 | FBI NICS | Giffords — Minnesota Gun Laws
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